There are forums that go deep on these kinds of topics, so don't want to do that here but the quick story is that I was shooting in near dark with a high quality lens and a canon 5d mark ii. Lens has a great big f-stop and camera has an iso range of like 50 to 25,000... which is crazy... the physics are as chris described, and you can reproduce the effect if you have the right gear or through post-processing
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