The link in your source accurately states that a smaller driven pulley will turn faster and produce less torque. If you want to overlay this example with a supercharger, the engine is the drive pulley and the supercharger is the driven pulley. So this wouldn't at all imply that the engine torque would be lower with a smaller supercharger pulley.
But if you want to look at further... sure spinning the supercharger faster should increase parasitic load on the engine some, consuming a small additional amount of the engines output. But as we all know, the airflow (thus HP) provided by a supercharger far outweigh the effort it takes to spin the supercharger itself.
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