AC compressors operate off of a pressure sensor/switch. This pressure sensor/switch is set to turn off the compressor (by means of releasing the clutch) if certain parameters are not met or exceeded. This switch will shut off the compressor at too low an RPM as there's not enough pressure to properly move the fluid and lubricate the compressor, causing major wear and possible failure. Same is true at high RPMs, the fluid moves too quickly through the system at too high a pressure, also causing wear, heat and possible failure as well as lessening the effects of the cooling ability of the fluid. (fluid - gas... whatever you want to call it)
Our engines have an operating range from idle, about 700 RPM up to 7500 RPM. The compressor might only be capable of properly operating somewhere between say 500 RPM and 5500 RPM (those are just random numbers I made up). So that pressure sensor/switch would be set to disengage the clutch at those two RPM extremes to protect the compressor from self destructing so to speak.
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