According to most of the women I have dated in the past few years: Yes one date is enough to decide that you don't ever want to see me again.
That's not really the whole truth, there have been quite a few I have decided to end after one date.
In all seriousness, it really does depend on how much of a big deal this is to you. I'm at the stage in my life where I feel like there is no long term potential in the date, then I will pull the plug pretty quickly and move on. I have a few comedic stories on the matter if you want to hear them.
However, judging from your other posts, you are considerably younger than I am and likely looking to dating more as a way to play the field. Her religion is obviously a big deal to her if she brought it up and described it on the first date. If it weirds you out and is something that you think is an incompatibily issue (like she's a psycho and will only be crazier if you go out for awhile, get in her pants, and then decide to end it), then yeah, I think I'd get outta there and look for another one. If you see other redeeming qualities in her (i.e. she's hot, you get along with her in all other facets and it is just this one thing) then maybe give it another shot.