I'd go to WA's DMV (or equiv) and look up the emissions test procedure.
I'd be willing to bet $0.05 that, as you suspect, they will use the OBD-II data to check the system and verify that it thinks it's ready. Ie, the O2 sensors have to be in working order and giving good readings, not just present.
Edit:
http://www.dol.wa.gov/vehicleregistr...emissions.html. If I read that right, your car has to be 5 years old before you have to test and then every two years. Nothing about testing procedures, but some links that might get you there.