The error is indicative of a high/low O2 sensor reading. Its measurement is sent as a voltage and that is what your code is indicating is out of bounds. It is unrelated to the gauge on the dash.
As far as the system goes, 14v is normal running. That's the alternator charging the battery. Turn off the engine and a good battery should be noticeably over 12v. With the motor still off run the AC, lights, and stereo and you can watch them drain over about 20 or 30 mins down to 12v. I don't know for our cars and don't want to find out, but the starter should function somewhere below 11v.
Just like AAs, the rating is an average charge held over the lifetime. They will start higher and over time fall below the specified voltage until eventually not pushing sufficient current.
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